Subsequent negotiations between the king and parliament ended in failure, and cities and towns across the Kingdom began to divide themselves between Royalists and Parliamentarians. In 1642, he failed to arrest 5 members of the House of Common on charges of treason and fled London. Charles I became unpopular during what his opponents called the “Eleven Years Tyranny” (1629-1640), when he dissolved Parliament twice, married a Catholic Queen, and levied tax without parliamentary approval. Leviathan‘s main concern is the divide between Church and state, and its topics of interest correspond directly to the contests of power that occurred during the English Civil War that saw King Charles I beheaded. It was published in 1651, the same year he permanently returned to England.Ĭontext of Thomas Hobbes’ Most Influential Work: Leviathan Charles I, by Daniel Mytens, 1631, via the National Portrait Gallery, London Hobbes wrote his most influential work Leviathan during his time in Paris. William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and his family, by Peter van Lisebetten, after an Abraham Diepenbeeck line engraving, mid 17th century, via the National Portrait Gallery, Londonīy the end of 1640, after sensing anti-Royalist tension, Thomas Hobbes had already left England for Paris with a group of Royalists.
However, Hobbes’ proximity to their Royalist circle proved to be a challenge for him during the English Civil War that broke out in 1642. His connection with the Cavendish family provided Thomas Hobbes with the opportunity to travel, and to network with thinkers such as Galileo and Pere Mersenne. The Cavendishes also patronized other influential thinkers and writers, such as Rene Descartes, Ben Jonson, and Sir William Davenant. The family’s patronage enabled Thomas Hobbes to write his most influential works, and they maintained a close tie to Hobbes for the majority of his life. Among his most influential students was William Cavendish (1590-1628), who later became the Second Earl of Devonshire. Thomas Hobbes graduated from the University of Oxford in 1608 and became a tutor for the Cavendish family. He enjoyed childhood under the stable rules of Queen Elizabeth I and King James I but was exiled when the English Civil War broke out during the reign of King Charles I.
Thomas Hobbes was born in 1588 in Wiltshire, England. 1669-1670, via the National Portrait Gallery, London Who Was Thomas Hobbes? Thomas Hobbes, by John Michael Wright, c.
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